Pain assessment tools, websites and resources author. Despite widespread acceptance and clinical use of the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in orthopedics and sports medicine, few studies have reported on its reliability and no such studies have concentrated on child or adolescent samples exclusively, segments of. A dislocated knee requires lots of morphine to help kill the pain. Reliability and responsiveness of the lower extremity functional scale and the anterior knee pain scale in patients with anterior knee pain cynthia j. Adolescent anterior knee pain description a teenager who is active in sports and starts to feel a dull, aching pain behind the kneecap patella on either or both legs may need to adjust his or her training routine. Research has proven the effectiveness of using a rating scale to describe the level of pain a patient is experiencing. Using a pain scale we believe you are the best judge of your pain, and we want to make sure we understand how it is affecting you so we can best respond to it. Anterior knee pain exercise programme poole hospital. The present study investigated whether the conceptualization of hip and knee osteoarthritis pain implicit in the western ontario and mcmaster universities arthritis index womac and medical outcomes study shortform 36 sf36 scales is complete, or whether the addition of another scale, such as the shortform mcgill pain questionnaire mpqsf, provides a more complete characterization. Anterior knee pain is one of the most common orthopedic complaints affecting the knee. Hamstring wall lying on floor with right leg on wall. T2 implications for scale development in children and adolescents.
Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients. Chronic pain in the front and center of the knee anterior knee pain is common among active, healthy young athletesespecially girls. However, despite its widespread acceptance clinically, relatively few studies have reported on its technical properties with pediatric patients. The koos is selfadministered and assesses five outcomes. Measure of intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain. Background anterior knee pain is one of the most common orthopedic complaints affecting the knee. Those with positive findings completed an ikdc form, a standardized history and a physicianadministered physical examination. A composite questionnaire to assess selfrated disability due to back pain.
Adolescent anterior knee pain twin cities orthopedics. This signature for this condition is pain at the front of the knee when doing knee bending tasks like stairs climbing or running. Anterior knee pain scale kujala patellofemoral score questionnaire. Location of knee pain in medial knee osteoarthritis. Jun 27, 2012 os said to me yesterday measure the pain on a scale of 110 1 being not being able to get out of bed and move at all and 10 being pain free. Anterior knee pain exercises the following exercises are to be performed daily within your pain free limits for a minimum of 8 weeks as directed by your physiotherapist.
Every time you return to the table, you must relax your muscles. The kujala anterior knee pain scale akps was published in 1993. Please complete as advised by your physiotherapist. Score a no difficulty b slight pain when descending. However, in this study a transitional scale, the grc, was used as. Pain in the front anterior and the centre of the knee behind the kneecap usually gets better with manual therapy treatment and no surgical intervention is needed. Zeigler, pt, ms, atc, faaompt4 patricia horton, pt5 susan s.
Right left both did your knee pain start with a specific injury. It is a simple performance test requiring repeated deep knee bends from a standing position for 30 s, with subsequent rating of pain on a 010 numeric rating scale nrs, where 0 indicates no. It is a patient reported assessment of patellofemoral disorders that assesses subjective. The anterior knee pain scale akpssometimes called the kujala scale kujala et al 1993 is a item kneespecific selfreport questionnaire. Background and measurement properties this 11item tool is designed to assess pain in individuals with hip or knee osteoarthritis taking into account both constant and intermittent pain experiences. Knee pain can affect patients of all ages and may be the result of inflammation rheumatoid arthritis, injuries ruptured ligament, infections septic arthritis, joint degeneration osteoarthritis, allergic reactions to medicine, or conditions like complex regional pain syndrome crps. Os said to me yesterday measure the pain on a scale of 110 1 being not being able to get out of bed and move at all and 10 being pain free. Prospective methodological study of repeated measures using a sample of. The dynamic weightbearing assessment of pain dap for knee osteoarthritis oa is a simple test designed to assess pain during performance of a specified activity in patients with knee oa 1, 2. Barber foss, resmi gupta, timothy hewett, richard f. Despite widespread acceptance and clinical use of the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in orthopedics and sports medicine, few studies have reported on its reliability and no such studies have concentrated on child or adolescent samples exclusively.
Ittenbach et all suggest that is highly reliable, but not without its limitations and further research is needed for its use outside of a clinical environment and application to the general population. Adolescent anterior knee pain syndrome does not usually cause swelling around the knee. Anterior knee pain scale knee pain athletic injuries. Pain during activities that repeatedly bend the knee jumping, squatting, running, and other exercise involving weightlifting pain related to a change in activity level or intensity, playing surface, or equipment. Jul 21, 2016 analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. The visual analog scale for usual pain or worst pain and the kujala anterior knee pain scale 52 are reliable, valid, and responsive in individuals with pfp 53. On a scale of one to ten a dislocated knee is like a fifteen and a dislocated knee cap is a three. Meetinstrumenten anterior knee pain scale kujala patellofemoral. Sports injury medicine department 9250 sw hall blvd.
The knee is considered as one of the strongest joints in the human body, as it is a complex network of muscles, tendons and ligaments connecting the thighbone, the upper portion of shinbone and the kneecap. Testing consisted of completion of the anterior knee pain scale. The pain may also come with some grating sensation arising from the knee cap. Normal mri unstable knee, lots of pain orthopedics. If you mean a dislocated knee cap then thats a bit different. Two very common scales used in the assessment of patellofemoral pain syndrome are the anterior knee pain scale and the lower. To translate and validate the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty tka or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty uka and evaluate the internal consistency, construct validity and ceiling or floor effect. Free online kujala anterior knee pain scale score calculator. Evaluation and rehabilitation for anterior knee pain a case. Knee pain is the most debilitating symptom of knee osteoarthritis oa1, 2, 3.
To help improve the conversation with your doctor and ensure that youre providing enough feedback to create an effective treatment plan, use this printable arthritis pain scale. Reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain scale. It documents response to six activities thought to be associated specifically with anterior knee pain syndrome walking, running, jumping, climbing stairs, squatting, and. Pdf reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain. Data availability all relevant data are within the paper and its knes information files. Pain results from the pressure of the knee cap as it moves up and down in the shallow groove of the thigh bone when you bend and straighten. It is usually due to a problem with how your kneecap known as the patella moves up and down when you bend and straighten your leg. The prevalence of knee pain has increased 65% over the past 20 years,1 with an estimated 4 million primary care visits per year attributed to knee pain.
Pdf dutch translation of the kujala anterior knee pain. Despite widespread acceptance and clinical use of the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in orthopedics and sports medicine, few studies have reported on its reliability and no such studies have concentrated on child or adolescent samples exclusively, segments of the population for which this instrument is often used. Download pdf, 183kb composite index assessing pain and. A screening instruments ability to provide clinicians with consistent and reproducible information is crucial to intervention. For clinicians, pain location is a standard component of assessment to assist diagnosis of a clinical problem and to guide decisionmaking regarding the most appropriate treatment course.
However, she continues to have intense knee pain 78 on the 1 to 10 scale on a constant basis when weight bearing. Anterior knee pain scale akps kujala pediatric research in sports medicine society prism knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy. Nine baseline factors age, gender, body mass index, arch height, duration of knee pain, worst pain visual analogue scale, kujala patellofemoral score kps, functional index questionnaire fiq. Onehundred participants with knee oa were tested twice each with the dap, the knee injury and. So my guess would be that most of the time and on pain killers my pain is about 6 or 7 on a day to day basis it occasionally goes as low as 3 have never yet been either a 1 or a 10 but that is only my interpretation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the construct validity, responsiveness, and interpretability of the dap for knee osteoarthritis oa. An nprs is described as an 11point scale with scores from 0 to 10 and anchors of 0 no pain and 10 worst possible pain. The auscan index is a diseasespecific, tridimensional selfadministered questionnaire, for assessing health status and health outcomes in osteoarthritis of the hand.
Anterior knee pain exercise programme below is a programme of exercises to complete to strengthen your knee and hip. How would you describe the pain you usually have from your knee. But if your doctor doesnt fully understand how your pain is affecting you, it could lead to undertreatment. The total may help you and your doctor decide whether a knee replacement is a suitable option for you. A dislocated knee cap is more like an ankle sprain. Koos is patientadministered, the format is userfriendly and it takes about 10 minutes to fill out. Quantifying the pain experience in hip and knee osteoarthritis. Aside from pain, other symptoms are a givingway sensation walking straight on, especially when using the stairs or ramps, and crepitus.
Box 1 key articles historic evolution, according to the authors, on anterior knee pain akp merchant et. Watson, pt, ocs1 micah propps, pt2 jennifer ratner, pt3 david l. The loca tion of the pain is crucial for making a diagnosis. Its aetiology is complex and clinical presentation heterogeneous2, 3, 4. Kujala anterior knee pain scale pdf pdf connect me. Bend one leg and put your foot on the bedfloor and put a rolled up towel underneath the other knee. This case example describes the immediate and shortterm clinical outcomes for a patient presenting with symptoms of knee. The reliability and meaningfulness of the anterior knee pain and. Score a no difficulty b slight pain when descending c pain both when. Within the fields of orthopedics and sports medicine, the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps, has been widely used to identify and study the prevalence of patellofemoral knee pain.
Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score koos koos. Lanns pain scale, confirming that oa pain should be considered a mixed pain, where precise clinical assessment may lead to specific therapeutic approaches. Pdf analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score koos, english version lk1. Analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. After arrival at the laboratory, the data of acute and recent knee pain was recorded by a 10cm visual analog scale vas and anterior knee pain scale akps questionnaire, respectively 28, 29. Kujala anterior knee pain scale pdf despite widespread acceptance and clinical use of the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in orthopedics and sports medicine, few. Anterior knee pain akp is an ache or pain in and around the front of your knee. Reliability and responsiveness of the lower extremity. In response to a query about the pain s location, he or she may simply put a hand over the anterior aspect of the knee. Persistent postsurgical pain and neuropathic pain after.
Pain intensity mainly was measured using validated patient reported measures of pain, the most common were the visual analogue scale vas 19, 25 which is a well evaluated tool, the mcgill pain questionnaire mpq 9, 20, the knee society score 22, 24 and the numerical rating scale nrs. Anterior knee pain scale knee pain athletic injuries articles. The item screening kujala anterior knee pain scale akps can also be used to identify patellofemoral pain in adolescents and young adults. This questionnaire is designed to give your physical therapist information as to how your knee problems have affected. Treatment of oa pain there is currently no known cure for osteoarthritis, and treatment of pain represents a major part of oa management. Adolescent anterior knee pain is a common presentation among healthy, active young individuals. Pdf analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain.
Knee pain painscale use pain scale to find the right. The kujala akps, is a wellrecognized and highly respected instrument used knee the fields of orthopedics and sports medicine. Straight leg raise tighten muscles on front of right thigh, then lift leg to level of other leg, keeping knee locked. This case example describes the immediate and shortterm clinical outcomes for a patient presenting with symptoms of knee pain following prolonged immobilization. Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score koos worksafe qld. It documents response to six activities thought to be associated specifically with anterior knee pain syndrome walking, running, jumping, climbing stairs, squatting, and sitting. The anterior knee pain scale akps sometimes called the kujala scale kujala et al 1993 is a item kneespecific selfreport questionnaire. Introduction within the fields of orthopedics and sports medicine, the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps 1, has been widely used to identify and study the prevalence of patellofemoral knee pain. T1 analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. Responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in. These scales vary in the time frame of reporting current status or recent past, level of pain reported average, minimal or maximum, and type of recording analogue scale versus discrete categories. Anterior knee pain was noted in 410 of 1620 knees 25.